Evidence library
Journal Sources
Bibliographic records and reader-friendly guides to sources cited by the journal.
1417
public sources
How sources are reviewed
Journal article · 2016
Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals
International Journal of Dentistry
A sugar-free sweetener can still be difficult on the stomach, and the amount matters. In an experiment completed by 64 adults unaccustomed to the tested sugar alcohols, a single 50-gram dose of xylitol in water caused…
Journal article · 2022
Gastrointestinal Effects and Tolerance of Nondigestible Carbohydrate Consumption
Advances in Nutrition
A fiber ingredient can have a useful nutritional role and still cause digestive discomfort. Researchers examined 103 clinical trials of nondigestible carbohydrates, ingredients that resist digestion in the small intestine, in adults without gastrointestinal disease. They…
Journal article · 2019
Gastrointestinal Sensing of Meal-Related Signals in Humans, and Dysregulations in Eating-Related Disorders
Nutrients
Feeling full is not the same experience in every body. Stretching of the stomach and nutrients arriving in the small intestine trigger signals that influence eating, stomach emptying, and discomfort. In studies of people with functional…
Journal article · 2007
Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Feeling ready to stop a meal and staying satisfied until the next one are related but different experiences. Signals from the stomach, intestine, and pancreas help the brain regulate both. This paper explains how stomach stretching…
Journal article · 2017
Genes to predict VO₂max trainability: a systematic review
BMC Genomics
Could a genetic test tell someone how much their aerobic fitness will improve with training? Researchers examined 35 articles covering 15 groups of participants and identified 97 genes proposed as possible predictors. Only a small subset…
Journal article · 1995
Genetic determinism of fiber type proportion in human skeletal muscle
The FASEB Journal
How much of a person's muscle-fiber makeup is inherited? An analysis of thigh-muscle data from North American white men and women estimated that inherited influences accounted for about 45% of variation in slow-fiber proportions. Environmental influences…
Webpage
Get to Know Carbs
Webpage · 2026
Global Obesity Forum 2026
Report · 2018
Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: more active people for a healthier world
Journal article · 2021
Glossary and tutorial of xenobiotic metabolism terms used during small molecule drug discovery and development (IUPAC Technical Report)
Pure Appl Chem
Book chapter · 2008
Glossary of Terms
Pacific Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults: Framework for Accelerating the Communication of Physical Activity Guidelines
Book chapter · 2019
Glucagon Physiology: Endotext [Internet]
Feingold KR, Adler RA, Ahmed SF, et al., editors
Journal article · 2025
Glucagon, the Alpha Cell, and Potential Targets for Diabetes Treatment
Endocrinology
Journal article · 2020
Glucose control upon waking is unaffected by hourly sleep fragmentation during the night, but is impaired by morning caffeinated coffee
The British journal of nutrition
Journal article · 2020
Glucose transporters in the small intestine in health and disease
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
Carbohydrate has to cross the intestinal wall before the body can use it, and different sugars do not all take the same route. SGLT1 is a transport protein that moves glucose and galactose with sodium. Fructose…
Journal article · 2008
Glycemic impact, glycemic glucose equivalents, glycemic index, and glycemic load: definitions, distinctions, and implications
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
A food's effect on blood sugar cannot be understood without asking how much was eaten. Glycemic index, or GI, compares foods using equal amounts of available carbohydrate, the carbohydrate that can be digested. Glycemic load, or…
Journal article · 2015
Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC)
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
Choosing carbohydrate foods involves more than counting how much carbohydrate they contain. The authors argue that the glycemic index, which classifies foods by their blood glucose response under test conditions, is a valid and reproducible tool.…
Journal article · 2016
Glycogen metabolism in humans
BBA Clin
Stored carbohydrate does different jobs depending on where the body keeps it. Glycogen, a branched chain of glucose, mainly supports blood glucose when stored in the liver and muscle contraction when stored in skeletal muscle. This…
Journal article · 2026
Goal Setting in Exercise and Physical Activity: An Expert Statement on Behalf of Exercise and Sports Science Australia
Sports Medicine
An exercise goal can give you direction, but it can also make useful progress feel like failure. The central question is not simply whether to set a goal, but which kind suits the person and the…