Stretching Can Be Part of a Warm-Up, but Injury Prevention Is a Different Question
Stretching can increase range of motion, but evidence does not establish that a stretch before one workout protects against injury in that session.
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Muscle Injury
Muscle injury classification distinguishes structural tears from functional disorders, so pain or dysfunction alone does not establish a tear.
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Terminology for muscle problems in sport has historically been inconsistent, particularly for terms such as “strain.” The Munich consensus was developed to distinguish muscle-related conditions more clearly and improve consistency in research and clinical communication .1
That classification distinguishes functional muscle disorders from structural muscle injuries. Functional disorders involve muscle-related symptoms without macroscopic evidence of a fiber tear, whereas structural injuries involve macroscopic damage such as partial tears or (sub)total tears and tendinous avulsions .1
The distinction means that muscle pain or dysfunction should not automatically be described as a structural tear. In sports injury surveillance, researchers also need explicit definitions and classifications so that muscle injuries can be recorded and compared consistently across studies .1,2
References
- Mueller-Wohlfahrt HW, Haensel L, Mithoefer K, Ekstrand J, English B, McNally S, Orchard J, van Dijk CN, Kerkhoffs GM, Schamasch P, Blottner D, Swaerd L, Goedhart E, Ueblacker P Terminology and classification of muscle injuries in sport: the Munich consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2013. About this source DOI
- Bahr R, Clarsen B, Derman W, Dvorak J, Emery CA, Finch CF, Hägglund M, Junge A, Kemp S, Khan KM, Marshall SW, Meeuwisse W, Mountjoy M, Orchard JW, Pluim B, Quarrie KL, Reider B, Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Stokes KA, Timpka T, Verhagen E, Bindra A, Budgett R, Engebretsen L, Erdener U, Chamari K International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement: Methods for Recording and Reporting of Epidemiological Data on Injury and Illness in Sports 2020 (Including the STROBE Extension for Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)). Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. About this source DOI
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