Scapular Retraction

Scapular retraction is movement of the scapula posteriorly and medially around the thoracic wall, bringing it closer to the vertebral column. It is the opposite of scapular protraction, in which the scapula moves anteriorly and laterally around the rib cage .^1,2

Retraction is not purely a straight-line translation. Because the scapula moves over the curved surface of the thorax, retraction can be accompanied by changes in the scapula's three-dimensional orientation, including external rotation. The exact combination of movements depends on arm position and the task being performed .²

The middle trapezius and the rhomboid major and minor are important contributors to scapular retraction. The middle trapezius helps draw the scapula medially, while the rhomboids retract the scapula and can also contribute to downward rotation. Other portions of the trapezius participate in coordinated scapular positioning during movements of the shoulder complex .¹

Scapular retraction should not be confused with scapular depression, which describes downward movement of the scapula, or with scapular external rotation, which describes a change in its three-dimensional angular orientation. These movements can occur together but are biomechanically distinct. Scapular retraction occurs as part of coordinated motion of the shoulder girdle involving the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints .^1,2