Journal article · 2007
Carbohydrate terminology and classification
European journal of clinical nutrition
Evidence library
Bibliographic records and reader-friendly guides to sources cited by the journal.
Journal article · 2007
European journal of clinical nutrition
Journal article · 2017
BMJ open diabetes research & care
Report · 1998
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Journal article · 2019
Ernährungs Umschau
Carbohydrate needs during exercise depend on what the session asks of the body. For intense endurance exercise lasting 1–2.5 hours, the authors recommend 30–60 grams of carbohydrate per hour. For activity lasting less than 45 minutes,…
Journal article · 2023
BJA Educ
A heartbeat depends on electrical signals becoming coordinated muscle movement. This paper explains the chain from ion flow across heart-cell membranes to calcium release, contraction, relaxation, and fuel use. A small calcium entry triggers a larger…
Journal article · 2024
Cardiovasc Res
Journal article · 2024
Front Physiol
How much endurance fitness remains when training stops? Evidence from 41 studies shows that several adaptations can begin to reverse within weeks, but they do not all change together. In one study of runners and cyclists,…
Journal article · 2019
Progress in cardiovascular diseases
Journal article · 2016
Comprehensive Physiology
Getting fitter involves more than making the heart beat faster. Repeated endurance exercise changes the heart, the blood it pumps, and the vessels supplying working muscles. The heart can move more blood with each beat, while…
Journal article · 2017
Circulation
Webpage · 2025
Journal article · 2001
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
A rising heart rate during a steady workout does not always mean the pace has increased. During prolonged moderate exercise, the heart may beat faster while pumping less blood with each beat. In one controlled experiment…
Book chapter · 2002
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition
Book chapter · 1999
Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. 6th edition
Journal article · 2016
Neurobiol Dis
Building a brain requires more than producing nerve cells. Cells must appear at the right time, move into position, and form connections that can later be refined. This paper follows those processes, especially in the developing…
Journal article · 2023
Sensors (Basel)
Standing steadily and recovering from a sudden disturbance place different demands on balance. Researchers tested a movable platform in 20 healthy young adults, with an average age of about 24. The platform shifted forward or backward…
Journal article · 1994
Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
Journal article · 2020
BMJ
What does fat distribution add to the relationship between body size and lifespan? Researchers analyzed 72 prospective cohort studies involving more than 2.5 million adults. Across the 50 studies assessing waist circumference, a ten-centimeter larger waist…