Evidence library
Bibliographic records and reader-friendly guides to sources cited by the journal.
Journal article · 2016
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Simple body measurements can be useful, but their meaning depends on how they are taken. The authors examine height, weight, circumferences, and skinfolds for assessing nutritional status in adults. One study discussed found weight varied by…
Journal article · 2017
Bone
A body scan can offer more than a single body-fat percentage. The authors examine DXA, an X-ray-based method used to assess body composition, and emphasize the value of information about different body regions. They discuss how…
Journal article · 1998
Nutrition
Different body-composition tests can reach their answers through different assumptions. The authors examine underwater weighing, body measurements, and bioelectrical impedance, which uses the body's response to an electrical signal. Their account compares the theory, procedures, prediction…
Journal article · 2018
Indian Journal of Medical Research
A body-fat number is an estimate produced by a method, not a direct inventory of everything inside you. Techniques range from skinfold measurements and electrical-impedance devices to scans and laboratory methods combining several measurements. Their assumptions…
Webpage
Journal article · 2023
NeuroImage
Journal article · 2026
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
Journal article · 2023
Current Opinion in Cell Biology
How does an intestinal cell build the tiny surface projections it needs to interact with nutrients? These projections, called microvilli, form the densely packed brush border. A mature absorbing cell can carry about 2,000–3,000 of them.…
Journal article · 2020
Annual Review of Public Health
Journal article · 2023
Clinical Nutrition
Could a substance made during digestion become a treatment for bowel disease? Butyrate is produced when gut microbes break down dietary fiber. It supplies energy to cells lining the colon and participates in several other cellular…
Journal article · 2022
Frontiers in pharmacology
Journal article · 2015
Current Neuropharmacology
Feeling sharper after caffeine does not always mean performing above your usual baseline. The authors examine possible cognitive and physical benefits alongside dependence, anxiety, and toxicity. Caffeine can promote alertness, but some apparent improvement in regular…
Webpage · 2026
Journal article · 2022
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
A protein target can change substantially before anyone changes what they eat. The researchers compared calculations in 2,291 people: relatively healthy adults aged 55 or older, and adult hospital patients. Estimates used actual weight, adjusted weight,…
Book chapter · 2003
Food energy: methods of analysis and conversion factors. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77
Journal article · 2015
Cell Metabolism
Burning more fat for fuel is not necessarily the same as losing more stored body fat. Researchers studied 19 adults with obesity under tightly controlled inpatient conditions. They reduced calories by 30% through either carbohydrate restriction…
Journal article · 2015
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
A lasting drop in sporting performance can have explanations that a training plan alone will not reveal. Clinicians describe an interdisciplinary approach to unexplained underperformance, bringing medical, nutritional, physiological and psychological information together. In one 12-week…
Journal article · 2021
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Carbohydrate metabolism is easier to understand when eating, storage, and fuel use are considered together. The article explains how the body handles glucose, a simple sugar used for energy, and glycogen, its stored form. It also…
Journal article · 2024
Nutrients
Journal article · 2011
e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
Having plenty of stored energy does not settle which fuel your body uses. In its account of healthy people after eating, this paper describes carbohydrate and fat as the main energy sources during rest and activity.…
Journal article · 2009
The Journal of Physiology
