Evidence library
Bibliographic records and reader-friendly guides to sources cited by the journal.
Journal article · 2010
Acta Physiologica
Calling a muscle fiber slow or fast gives useful information, but it does not describe everything that fiber can do. The paper examines how different forms of myosin, a protein involved in contraction, contribute to the…
Journal article · 2018
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Why can everyday movements become harder even when changes in muscle size seem modest? The authors examine aging through muscle performance, not muscle mass alone. In comparisons discussed, fast muscle fibers in older adults were about…
Journal article · 2020
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine
What does a muscle need besides proteins that pull? Movement depends on nerve signals, calcium control, energy supply and structures that transmit force, all operating within a living tissue capable of repair. The authors map these…
Journal article · 2026
Advances in Nutrition
A skinfold measurement can change when the technique changes, even before anyone's body does. The authors mapped 17 measurement sites and 31 technical descriptions, comprising 22 protocols and 9 standards. These were descriptions of how to…
Book chapter
Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
Journal article · 2025
Performance Nutrition
Replacing sodium during exercise is not automatically the same as improving performance. The authors examine sodium before, during, and after activity, emphasizing its interaction with fluid intake. In one earlier synthesis they discuss, only one of…
Journal article · 2015
Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
Sugar entering the body and sugar leaving it involve transport systems with different jobs. This paper explains how proteins called SGLT1 and SGLT2 use sodium movement to carry glucose across cell membranes. SGLT1 has a major…
Book · 2020
Journal article · 2005
The Journal of clinical investigation
Journal article · 2016
Sports Medicine
Getting better at one balance task does not necessarily mean becoming better at balance in general. Across six controlled studies of healthy participants, the pooled benefit on practiced tasks was 0.79 standard deviations, a large difference…
Journal article · 2013
Developmental Science
Journal article · 2010
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Journal article · 2024
Sports Medicine
When two people show different fitness gains, how much of the difference is a true training response? Researchers examined 24 studies that used supervised aerobic exercise and a non-exercising comparison group. They focused on maximal oxygen…
Journal article · 2015
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
Journal article · 2008
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Sugar names can make similar sweeteners seem more different than they are. The author argues that high-fructose corn syrup is not meaningfully different in composition or metabolism from other sweeteners containing fructose and glucose, including table…
Journal article · 2004
Sports Biomechanics
Why can a muscle move farther after a stretching method that includes a contraction? A common explanation is that the contraction briefly switches off protective reflexes and lets the muscle relax. The authors question that account…
Journal article · 2024
Current Obesity Reports
A weight category cannot tell the whole story of a person’s health. Body mass index, or BMI, relates weight to height. It is inexpensive and useful for screening, but it does not directly measure body fat,…
Journal article · 2022
Health Psychology Review
Does stress reliably make people eat more? Across 54 studies involving 119,820 generally healthy adults, the pooled association with overall food intake was small: a standardized effect of about 0.11. Stress was associated with slightly more…
