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GLP-1
GLP-1 links nutrients arriving in the gut with glucose regulation, stimulating insulin in a glucose-dependent way while also affecting digestive function.
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Glucagon-like peptide-1, or GLP-1, is a peptide hormone released mainly from intestinal enteroendocrine L cells after nutrient intake. It is one of the body's incretin hormones, meaning that it helps link the arrival of nutrients in the gut with the regulation of blood glucose and digestive function .1
GLP-1 increases insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner, meaning its insulin-stimulating effect is stronger when glucose is elevated. It also suppresses glucagon under appropriate metabolic conditions, slows gastric emptying, and participates in signaling related to appetite and satiety. Native GLP-1 is short-lived because it is rapidly broken down, especially by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, or DPP-4 .1
GLP-1 should be distinguished from GLP-1 receptor agonist medications. The hormone is produced naturally and acts through the GLP-1 receptor, while receptor agonists are drugs designed to activate the same receptor for longer periods or with altered pharmacokinetics. The term GLP-1 also does not refer to insulin itself. Rather, it is one of several signals that help coordinate insulin, glucagon, gastric function, and nutrient handling after eating .1
References
- Collins L, Costello RA Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. StatPearls. 2024. About this source Original source
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