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The Journal of Frailty & Aging · 2023

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Philipe de Souto Barreto, M. Cesari, J.E. Morley, E. Gonzalez-Bautista, Y. Rolland, D. Azzolino, B. Vellas, R.A. Fielding, Sandrine Andrieu, Mylène Aubertin Leheudre, Nuria Barcons, Ann Beliën, Carla Delannoy, Groarke John, Luis Miguel Gutierrez Robledo, Darren Hwee, Nathan LeBrasseur, Jean Mariani, Merchant Reshma, Suzette Pereira, Quann Erin, Rossulek Michelle, Ricardo Rueda, Sandrine Sourdet, Lisa Tarasenko, Cendrine Tourette, Rob Van Maanen, Debra L. Waters, Heather Whitson

Assessment and Management of Appetite Loss in Older Adults: An ICFSR Task Force Report

Elsevier BV. 12(1). 1-6.

Study type
Expert task force report
Review basis
Full text reviewed

Loss of appetite in later life can matter even when the scale has barely changed. In a French primary-care program for adults aged 60 and older, 14,358 people had information on both appetite and weight loss. Of the 1,995 reporting appetite loss, only 43.2% also reported unintended weight loss. The authors argue that appetite deserves attention in its own right. It was associated with difficulties in areas including movement, thinking, and mood, even after accounting for age, sex, and body weight. These findings support asking about eating rather than waiting for visible weight change.

The associations do not establish that appetite loss caused those difficulties. Poor health may reduce appetite, and several problems may share underlying causes. The authors also distinguish appetite loss from weight loss: the two overlap, but neither identifies everyone with the other. Appetite can fluctuate, so an answer given at one visit does not necessarily describe a person's usual experience or predict a permanent decline.

How Does This Show Up in Real Life?

An older adult might say that meals no longer appeal, while relatives feel reassured because clothes still fit. This report suggests that the change itself is worth discussing with a health professional. The authors favor a broad assessment of possible contributors rather than immediately looking for an appetite medicine. Depending on the cause, support may involve preferred foods, appealing textures and presentation, a pleasant setting, company during meals, or practical help with eating. These are options within individualized care, not a guaranteed package. The key distinction is between being offered food and wanting or being able to eat it. A useful conversation therefore includes what has changed around meals and whether illness, medicines, or difficulties with everyday tasks might be involved.

There is no single agreed gold standard for measuring appetite loss, and tools differ in the populations where they have been validated. Follow-up in the French program averaged about 6.5 months; appetite improved for many, but this was not proof that a particular treatment worked. Longer-term prevention of disability or sustained appetite recovery remains uncertain.

Why We Cite It

For Alpekin, the assessment discussion gives a concrete standard for developing educational check-ins: a validated question set is different from an improvised wellness score. The authors also describe potential biological markers as an area for research, not established substitutes for clinical assessment. That distinction matters when presenting data-driven personalization responsibly.

An appetite complaint deserves attention without being treated as a diagnosis by itself. The evidence supports looking earlier and asking better questions. It offers less certainty about which intervention will work for a particular person or how long any improvement will last.

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